In line with national energy transition efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve energy security, and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, the use of solar power plants (PLTS) has become a key component of Indonesia's energy mix. This transition is driven by national climate policy targets, technological advancements, and changes in the electricity market dynamics that demand decentralized energy production, improved efficiency, and the integration of renewable energy sources into transmission and distribution networks.
This study aims to design and analyze the financial feasibility of implementing SPP at the 150 kV Tangerang Lama Substation, considering two scenarios: PLN-SPP Grid and PLN-SPP-BESS (Battery Energy Storage System) Grid.
The design methodology uses PVSyst software based on solar irradiation data and location characteristics, resulting in a total system capacity of 376 kWp and an estimated annual energy production of 566,805 kWh. Financial analysis was conducted using Homer Pro software, considering the Net Present Cost (NPC), Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The results show that the PLN Grid-PV scenario achieves an IRR of 19%, LCOE of Rp 1,177.13/kWh, and a discounted payback period of 5.14 years. Meanwhile, the PLN Grid-PV-BESS scenario requires a larger investment, with an LCOE of Rp 3,422.98/kWh, and the IRR and payback period of 20 years do not meet the investment criteria.
This study illustrates how the energy transition can be realized gradually through the integration of PLTS with the existing grid, reducing the fossil fuel burden on electricity supply while maintaining supply security and grid operational stability. This study emphasizes that the success of the energy transition depends on the synergy between efficient technical design and careful financial evaluation.