This research examines the feasibility of introducing Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) within Indonesia’s low-carbon energy transition by assessing technological readiness, safety characteristics, radiological consequences, human-resource requirements, and economic performance. The assessment focuses on two reactor designs: the Generation III+ VVER-1200 and the Small Modular Reactor (SMR) RITM-200M. Safety evaluations using PCTRAN for a Large Break Loss-of-Coolant Accident (LBLOCA) scenario indicate that proper operation of SCRAM, ECCS, and passive features such as hydroaccumulators can successfully maintain fuel integrity. Without SCRAM, however, the reactor experiences severe thermohydraulic deviations that approach safety design boundaries. Radiological dispersion simulations for I-131 at prospective sites in Bangka and West Kalimantan show effective doses of 15–17 mSv within 1 km, surpassing IAEA GSR Part 7 thresholds and necessitating protective actions including sheltering, limited evacuation, and food-consumption controls. The discounted cash-flow analysis demonstrates that large-scale NPPs produce a more economical levelized tariff (12.67 cUS$/kWh) than SMRs (20.94 cUS$/kWh), although SMRs retain advantages in modular deployment and siting flexibility. Overall, the results indicate that NPP deployment in Indonesia is achievable from both technical and economic perspectives, provided that regulatory systems, nuclear-sector human resources, and long-term financing mechanisms are strengthened.